Public Service Broadcasting
- In the UK the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting which is intended for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial concerns.
- In the UK, the BBC is the main PSB channel.
- Lord Reith - first Director General of the BBC (1927-1938) said: "TV should not give people what they want but what they ought to have."
- The BBC, funded by the license fee, initially had a monopoly over broadcasting in the UK.
Because they are funded by the public, the BBC have to meet the PSB REMIT in terms of the genre variety, audiences, representation & quality of programmes they produce.
- To provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them.
- To support learning for people of all ages.
- To show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services.
- To reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all of the United Kingdom's nations and regions and, in doing so, support the creative economy across the United Kingdom.
- To reflect the United Kingdom, its culture and values to the world.
In January 1927 the BBC was established by Royal Charter as the British Broadcasting Corporation and Sir John Reith became the first Director-General. The Charter defined the BBC'S objectives, powers and obligations. When it returned in the late 1940s the elements of children's TV, news and weather were introduced to schedules. In 1953 the live broadcast of the coronations
There are currently 9 channels:
- BBC One
- BBC Two
- BBC Three
- BBC Four
- CBBC
- CBeebies
- BBC News
- BBC Parliament
- BBC Alba
Their mission is "To enrich people's lives with programmes and services that inform, educate and entertain."
Their vision is "To be the most creative organisation in the world."
Their values are:
- Trust is the foundation of the BBC: we are independent, impartial and honest.
- Audiences are at the heart of everything we do.
- We take pride in delivering quality and value for money.
- Creativity is the lifeblood of our organisation.
- We respect each other and celebrate our diversity so that everyone can give their best.
- We are one BBC: great things happen when we work together.
Their most expensive programme to make is The Crown.
Their other platforms are:
- BBC iPlayer
- BBC Radio
- BBC Online
- BBC Apps
- BBC Podcasts
- Red Button
They primarily generate income through the TV License, but they also sell their programmes to other broadcasting companies.
The advantages of being publicly owned is that they generate more capital and revenue than privately owned companies.
Commercial institutions
These generally have no guaranteed income (even ITV, C4 and C5 which have a small PBS remit) therefore it is essential they are profitable. They can generate income by:
- Subscription e.g. BT Vision, Sky Sports/Movies
- Pay Per View e.g. Sky Box Office
- Sponsorship - many programmes often contain sponsor strings or sometimes "thanks to" messages on credits. Strands of programmes may also carry sponsorship e.g. ITV3 afternoons.
- Advertising - companies pay for advertising slots based on prom ratings. The more potential viewers, the higher
By the 1950s, many felt the "BBC represented a high-culture snobbery that many leftist associated with an oppressive class structure." There was a "desire for a playful, commercial, anti-citizen address as a counter." This came along in 1955 in the shape of ITV. "We remain focused on out original vision for ITV as an owner, producer and broadcaster of content.
There are currently 9 channels:
- ITV
- ITV2
- ITV3
- ITV4
- ITVBe
- CITV
- ITV Box Office
- ITV HD
- The Store
Their strategy is delivering unrivalled commercial audiences, world class content and global distribution.
Some of the most popular ITV programmes are Coronation Street, Emmerdale, The X Factor and Downton Abbey.
most expensive programme to make
Their other platforms are:
-ITV hub+
-Britbox
-Apps
They generate income through advertising, franchising programmes, premium rate phone lines, reality TV shows, product placement , sponsorship, box sets and online services.
Advantages of being commercially owned means they can get their own money and they don't have to follow regulations.
Duopoly - The era of two competing broadcasters, ITV and the BBC is referred to by many as a "Golden Age" of broadcasting in the UK. The two institutions had full control over the programmes as they produced them in-house.
Pros:
- More effort put into making programmes, higher quality
- Competition leads to better quality as they're constantly trying to improve their shows.
- Full control of all aspects from creation to editing.
- Producer/institution as auteur.
- Production became more of a business as talent was developed and processes improves.
Cons:
- Have to be mainstream, not enough time or space to air niche programmes.
- Ideas subject to the ideologies of those in control/political pressures
- Some argued in competing with ITV the BBC "dumbed-down" some of its content.
- Hard for voices outside the institution to be heard
Their other platforms are:
-ITV hub+
-Britbox
-Apps
They generate income through advertising, franchising programmes, premium rate phone lines, reality TV shows, product placement , sponsorship, box sets and online services.
Advantages of being commercially owned means they can get their own money and they don't have to follow regulations.
Duopoly - The era of two competing broadcasters, ITV and the BBC is referred to by many as a "Golden Age" of broadcasting in the UK. The two institutions had full control over the programmes as they produced them in-house.
Pros:
- More effort put into making programmes, higher quality
- Competition leads to better quality as they're constantly trying to improve their shows.
- Full control of all aspects from creation to editing.
- Producer/institution as auteur.
- Production became more of a business as talent was developed and processes improves.
Cons:
- Have to be mainstream, not enough time or space to air niche programmes.
- Ideas subject to the ideologies of those in control/political pressures
- Some argued in competing with ITV the BBC "dumbed-down" some of its content.
- Hard for voices outside the institution to be heard
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